Sustainability dynamics

Value creation ensures societal prosperity. At the same time, Sustainable Development determines the future of global human wellbeing. Both aspects are based on profound environmental, social and economic mechanisms—and both aspects are closely linked. The Sustainability Dynamics Model describes the direct and indirect effects of value creation together with the three dimensions of Sustainable Development. This contribution introduces and defines the Sustainability Dynamics Model. The effects and dynamics are exemplarily shown. Eventually, the link to circular economy is drawn. In the future, the Sustainability Dynamics Model can be used as a control model in order to predict consequences of value creation towards environmental, social and economic sustainability

Utilization of Product Lifecycle Data from PLM Systems in Platforms for Industrial Symbiosis

Industrial Symbiosis represents a promising approach to foster the transformation towards a circular economy. To involve businesses in Industrial Symbiosis, online platforms and input-output matching tools for facilitating the exchange of by-products have been provided by industry organizations and facilitators. Regarding the discrete parts and product manufacturing industry (DPPM), little success is being reported for such platforms and tools. Within the scope of this research, a list of Input-Output matching tools was analysed regarding data sources which are currently used for input-output Matching. Specifications of by-products in the DPPM industry were reviewed in order to identify a list of requirements for data sources. Shortcomings of the currently existing input-output matching tools were identified and suggestions for additional data sources used for input-output matching in IS in DPPM were given. Results show that datasets currently used do not include organisational data sources such as Product Data Management (PDM) systems, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems, and or Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)

Leveraging Circular Economy through a Methodology for Smart Service Systems Engineering

Product Service Systems (PSS) and Smart Services are powerful means for deploying Circular Economy (CE) goals in industrial practices, through dematerialization, extension of product lifetime and efficiency increase by digitization. Within this article, approaches from PSS design, Smart Service design and Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) are combined to form a Methodology for Smart Service Architecture Definition (MESSIAH). First, analyses of present system modelling procedures and systems modelling notations in terms of their suitability for Smart Service development are presented. The results indicate that current notations and tools do not entirely fit the requirements of Smart Service development, but that they can be adapted in order to do so. The developed methodology includes a modelling language system, the MESSIAH Blueprinting framework, a systematic procedure and MESSIAH CE, which is specifically designed for addressing CE strategies and practices. The methodology was validated on the example of a Smart Sustainable Street Light System for Cycling Security (SHEILA). MESSIAH proved useful to help Smart Service design teams develop service-driven and robust Smart Services. By applying MESSIAH CE, a sustainable Smart Service, which addresses CE goals, has been developed

Multi-criteria decision making as a tool for sustainable product development : Benefits and obstacles

For developing sustainable products design engineers need to foresee diverse interrelations between a product's characteristics and its economic, social and environmental impacts. In order to support this complex task a wide range of design methods has been developed. Retrospective analytical methods like Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) require a large amount of information and are thus utilized when important design decisions are already made. Prospective methods are rather generic (e.g. checklists) and too broad to be helpful in concrete design decisions. In this paper, the integration of discrete decision trees with LCSA is proposed for shifting multi-criterial quantitative analysis to earlier development. On the basis of sustainability indicators Pareto-optimal decision-paths for given material- and process alternatives along the product lifecycle can be compared up-front. Resulting benefits and obstacles are illustrated by evaluating value creation options of a bicycle frame

Information Management Platform for the Application of Sustainable Product Development Methods

AbstractA multitude of information is required to address sustainability aspects in product design decisions. However, information required for applying methods in the field of sustainable product development often overlaps. Moreover, specific improvement measures can primarily be identified if method results can be traced back to data origin. This paper presents a concept and implementation of an information platform which is integrated into a PLM system and integrates an ontology based knowledge model and a semantic wiki. The information platform shall avoid double work, improve documentation of information and assist in understanding the data basis of method results. This paper discusses requirements and solution elements and presents findings from applying the methods Lifecycle Design Strategies (LiDS) Wheel and the Product Sustainability Index

Mental health service user experiences of targeted violence and hostility and help-seeking in the UK: a scoping review

The aim of this research scoping review was to assemble an evidence base for the UK on mental health service user experiences and perspectives on mental health-related targeted violence and hostility ('disability hate crime'). It also aims to address some of the gaps in the knowledge on risk management, help-seeking and prevention from the perspectives of those who experienced targeted violence and hostility because of their mental health problems or psychiatric status. Seven key mental health and social care bibliographic databases were searched for relevant UK research studies from 1990 until 2016. Grey literature was identified through online searches. A scoping review charting approach and thematic analysis methodology were used to analyse the studies. In total 13 studies were finally included, over half of which used survey methods. All studies included people with experiences of mental health problems. The studies provide information on: the types of potential hate crime; indicate where incidents take place; give some insight into the victims' relationship with the perpetrators; the location of incidents as well as the psychological, social, financial and physical impacts on the victim; the types of help-seeking behaviours adopted by the victims; a range coping strategies that people with mental health problems adopted in response to experiences of targeted violence or abuse. This scoping review provides a UK-based overview of mental health service user concepts and experiences of mental health-related targeted violence and hostility ('disability hate crime'). It reveals some specific issues relating to mental health and disability hate crime. Further investigation into disability hate crime with a specific focus on mental health is required. This is a UK-based overview, which offers a useful comparator for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers internationally

Wissensbasierte Entwicklung nachhaltiger Produkte

Basierend auf umfangreichen Analysen wird sowohl der wissenschaftliche Forschungsbedarf als auch der industrielle Handlungsbedarf für eine neue Vorgehensweise zur Entwicklung nachhaltiger Produkte beschrieben - unter Berücksichtigung der Ebenen Prozess und Organisation, Entwicklungsaktivitäten und -methoden, Informationstechnologien und Werkzeuge sowie Informationsartefakte und -standards. Diese Ebenen sind integrativ zu betrachteten und erfordern ein ideales Zusammenspiel. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird ein neues Vorgehensmodell vorgeschlagen, das so genannte Regelkreise zur Verbesserung der Konstruktion, zur verbesserten Bewertung des Konstruktionsmodells und letztendlich zur verbesserten Entscheidungsfindung beinhaltet. Das neue Vorgehensmodell wird konzeptionell beschrieben und exemplarisch umgesetzt. Es unterstützt Produktentwicklerinnen und -entwickler gezielt darin, ihrer Verantwortung für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung nachzukommen und Produkte über den gesamten Lebensweg ressourcenschonend, umweltfreundlich und sozialverträglich zu gestalten. Zugleich macht es den Einfluss deutlich, den die Produktentwicklung auf die Nachhaltigkeit eines Produktes hat

The evolution from hybrid to blended to beyond prototyping

The traditional understanding of prototyping among different disciplines comprises technological and conceptual limits. With respect to user-oriented design of complex products, systems and services, new opportunities are emerging through innovative information, communication and manufacturing technologies. The growing technical complexity and the increasing individualization of products in turn require intelligently designed representations and test environments. In this way, design, production and interaction processes can be optimized for the respective users

Use of Digital Twins in Additive Manufacturing Development and Production

The megatrend of the digitization of the industry is picking up speed. Today, the digital twin is an important component in the strategic positioning of a manufacturing company. The Gartner Report predicts that more than 50% of large industrial companies will be using the digital twin and that the effectiveness of the companies can be increased by up to 10% by 2021. For this, it is necessary on the one hand that the products are equipped with sensors, in order to be able to provide the data for the digital twin. On the other hand, it is also necessary to be capable to evaluate the data unambiguously with regard to the products and to be able to initiate appropriate measures to control them. In addition, insights can be gained into the improvement of subsequent product generations and their production. The virtual representation of the product over its lifecycle requires a coupling with the real environment, in which lifecycle data are recorded via sensory systems and continuously imported into the virtual environment. Thus, the information and actual properties in the digital twin are mapped to the real conditions and the product condition in a dynamic data model. For this, it is necessary to integrate the information into the data systems of the product development and manufacturing processes. Based on this data, the behavior can be virtually tested, analyzed and predicted before actual production and use. This enables the engineer and manufacturer to further develop the product at reduced costs as early as the design phase. The virtual validation is significantly extended by the collected database in the digital twin. For companies, this means a reduction of costs by reducing material and time expenditures as well as process times - for example, with increased utilization time. On the basis of this study, a product example will be used to show which framework conditions are necessary for the use of the digital twin and which effects can be achieved in product development. It is also estimated to what extent the quality of the product and the process can be improved. In the area of additive manufacturing, for example, the question arises how quality data can be used either to control the machine parameters of the printing process in a targeted manner (feedback-to-planning) so that the desired product quality is achieved, or to adapt the product models before manufacturing (feedback-to-engineering) so that the desired product quality can be produced with existing parameters. The data alone is of little use to the companies. In addition to methodological and organizational issues, it is also necessary at the technological level to prepare the data for the various lifecycle phases of the product development process. This is where automated data evaluation in the form of AI comes in. Algorithms allow data evaluation by identifying patterns and deviations and consequently interpreting them for feedback-to-planning and feedback-to-engineering

Risikobewertung und Qualitätsabsicherung in der virtuellen Produktentstehung

Anders als in der Fertigung und Montage physischer Produkte existieren in der virtuellen Produktentstehung nur wenige etablierte Methoden und Maßnahmen zur Qualitätsabsicherung und Risikobewertung. Deshalb gibt es oft deutliche Unterschiede in der Güte digitaler Modelle und physischer Produkte. Um diese Diskrepanz zu beseitigen, arbeiten Wissenschaftler des IWF der TU Berlin zusammen mit industriellen Partnern in einem Forschungsprojekt daran, Risikobewertung und Qualitätsabsicherung in der Virtuellen Produktentstehung zu verbessern